/etc/defaults/rc.conf (FreeBSD system start-up) [System Files]

In FreeBSD the primary start-up configuration file is /etc/defaults/rc.conf. System startup scripts such as /etc/rc and /etc/rc.d just include this file. If you want to add other programs to system startup you need to change /etc/rc.conf file instead of /etc/defaults/rc.conf. NEWER CHANGE...

[How To] mport: The MidnightBSD Package Management Tools

One of the most tedious tasks in setting up and maintaining a personal computer is installing software applications. The BSD community has historically handled this by providing users a ports system to compile software and later some package management software. This approach has worked well for power users....

[How To] Install, uninstall and manage programs in FreeBSD

For installing 3rd party applications and programs in FreeBSD there is a 3 way Ports collection – Packages from source code installation Binary packages – Pre-built binary packages installation Compiling an application from source code How to find applications and programs programs in...

/etc/group [System Files]

/etc/group is a text file which defines the groups to which users belong under Linux and UNIX operating system. Under Unix / Linux multiple users can be categorized into groups. Unix file system permissions are organized into three classes, user, group, and others. Here is example of /etc/group file: cat...

[Manual] /var/log/messages does not exist in Ubuntu

Enabling /var/log/messages in Ubuntu Edit file /etc/rsyslog.d/50-default.conf and uncomment following lines. *.=info;*.=notice;*.=warn;\ auth,authpriv.none;\ cron,daemon.none;\ mail,news.none -/var/log/messages daemon.*;mail.*;\ news.err;\ *.=debug;*.=info;\ ...

[How To] update Ubuntu via command line?

sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Shell types

sh or Bourne Shell – the original shell still used on UNIX systems and in UNIX related environments. This is the basic shell, a small program with few features. When in POSIX-compatible mode, bash will emulate this shell. bash or Bourne Again SHell – the standard GNU shell, intuitive and...

Key combinations in Bash [Keyboard Shortcuts]

Ctrl+A – Move cursor to the beginning of the command line. Ctrl+C – End a running program and return the prompt, see Chapter 4. Ctrl+D – Log out of the current shell session, equal to typing exit or logout. Ctrl+E – Move cursor to the end of the command line. Ctrl+H – Generate...